![]() ![]() In the second half of the 9th century, Umayyad Emir Muhammad I built a fortress on a headland near the river Manzanares as one of the many fortresses he ordered to be built on the border between Al-Andalus and the kingdoms of León and Castile, with the objective of protecting Toledo from the Christian invasions and also as a starting point for Muslim offensives. The first historical document about the existence of an established settlement in Madrid dates from the Muslim age. ![]() The site of modern-day Madrid has been occupied since prehistoric times, and there are archaeological remains of the Celtic Carpetani settlement, Roman villas, a Visigoth basilica near the church of Santa María de la Almudena and three Visigoth necropolises near Casa de Campo, Tetuán and Vicálvaro. įor a chronological guide, see Timeline of Madrid. A Mozarabic variant of the Latin matrix, matricis (also meaning "water stream").The latter is the first documented name of the settlement. From the Arabic maǧrà (meaning "water stream") or majrit (مجريط meaning "spring", "fountain").A Celtic origin (Madrid There are various theories regarding the origin of the toponym "Madrid" (all of them with problems when it comes to fully explain the phonetic evolution of the toponym along history), namely: The mayor is José Luis Martínez-Almeida from the People's Party. Cibeles Palace and Fountain has become one of the monument symbols of the city. Its landmarks include the Plaza Mayor, the Royal Palace of Madrid the Royal Theatre with its restored 1850 Opera House the Buen Retiro Park, founded in 1631 the 19th-century National Library building (founded in 1712) containing some of Spain's historical archives many national museums, and the Golden Triangle of Art, located along the Paseo del Prado and comprising three art museums: Prado Museum, the Reina Sofía Museum, a museum of modern art, and the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums. While Madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets. Madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid. Madrid organises fairs such as FITUR, ARCO, SIMO TCI and the Madrid Fashion Week. It also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the Spanish language: the Standing Committee of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, headquarters of the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE), the Instituto Cervantes and the Foundation of Urgent Spanish ( FundéuRAE). Madrid houses the headquarters of the UN's World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB), the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), and the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB). For innovation, Madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in Europe from 500 cities, in the 2022–2023 annual analysts Innovation Cities Index, published by 2ThinkNow. It concentrates the bulk of banking operations in the country and it is the Spanish-speaking city generating the largest amount of webpages. The metropolitan area hosts major Spanish companies such as Telefónica, Iberia, BBVA and FCC. Due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, Madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the Iberian Peninsula and of Southern Europe. The Madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest GDP in the European Union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities. ![]() The climate of Madrid features hot summers and cool winters. The capital city of both Spain and the surrounding autonomous community of Madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic, and cultural centre of the country. Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula at about 650 meters above mean sea level. The municipality covers 604.3 km 2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area. ![]() It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the EU. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. Madrid ( / m ə ˈ d r ɪ d/ mə- DRID, Spanish: ⓘ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. ![]()
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